It is another method of assessing body temperature which uses a liquid crystal dots or bars or heat-sensitive tape or patches that is applied to the forehead. It consists of a battery-operated portable electronic unit, a probe, and a disposable probe cover. It is often called digital thermometer because they display a numeric values. This thermometer can provide a temperature reading in just 2 to 60 seconds. There are three types of thermometer tips, long, short, slender or rounded tips. The use of mercury-in-glass thermometer was eliminated in 1988 and no longer exists in health care environment. It is very hazardous because it is made of glass and toxic chemical inside called mercury. Under 3 years old = Pull the pinna of the ear back and down.Over 3 years old = Pull the pinna of the ear back and up.Direct the probe tip anteriorly and insert as far as enough to seal the canal. Infant = Pull the pinna straight back and slightly downward.Insert the probe slowly using a circular motion until snug. Point the probe slightly anteriorly, toward the eardrum. Adult = Pull the pinna slightly upward and backward.This method is readily accessible and very fast because it uses sensors that applied directly to the tympanic membrane. It reflects our core body temperature which abundant of arterial blood supply. Pat the armpit dry with tissue or ask patient to do it if able. The proper placement of bulb is in the center of the axilla. This method is appropriate to those patients with oral inflammation or wired jaw, who cannot breathe through their nose, and recovering from oral surgery. To obtain an accurate measurement using this method, make sure you left the thermometer in place a long time. Axillary method is inaccurate as some research said. It is safe and noninvasive and is preferred site for measuring temperature in newborn. Never force the thermometer if you felt resistance. Before performing this method, use clean glove and instruct the patient to take a slow deep breath during insertion. Rectal temperatures are contraindicated for patients with diarrhea, immunosupressed, with rectal disease, have a clotting disorder, haemorrhoids and who are undergoing rectal operation. Inserting a rectal temperature can produce vagal stimulation which results myocardial damage. Taking temperature rectally is contraindicated for patient with MI or Myocardial Infarction. It is difficult for patient who cannot turn to the side. This site is considered to be very accurate but inconvenient and unpleasant for patients. The proper placement of thermometer bulb is on either side of the frenulum (small fold of integument or mucous membrane). Do not take oral temperature for patient who just undergone oral surgery to prevent injury. If in case that patient has just ingested hot or cold food, wait 30 minutes before talking a temperature orally. Food, fluids, or warm smoke can affects mouth temperature. This site is frequently used because it is very convenient and accessible. Four Sites Used for Body Temperature Assessment
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